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House model
A house model (also known as a ''mannequin'') is a fashion model who works exclusively or near-exclusively for a particular fashion brand, house or label. A house model can also be associated with specific cosmetic or perfume brands.
==Pre-1945==
The role of the house model began to be clearly defined in the mid-19th century, when Charles Frederick Worth gained a reputation for showing his designs to prospective clients upon live models.〔Krick, Jessa. "Charles Frederick Worth (1826–1895) and The House of Worth". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/wrth/hd_wrth.htm (October 2004)〕 Worth's own wife, Marie Vernet, had been a model for the Parisian drapers Gagelin and Opigez before their marriage, and she continued to act as a model for Worth's early designs.
The London couturier Lucile, is widely credited with training the first professional fashion models in about 1897. She is also linked with the first runway or "catwalk" fashion shows.〔Georgina Howell, ''Vogue Women'' (1998), 85; Kate Mulvey and Melissa Richards, ''Decades of Beauty: The Changing Image of Women, 1890s-1990s'' (1998), 35; "Fashion's Stage: The Methods of the Theatre at the Dressmaker's," ''The Illustrated London News'', June 13, 1908; "Lady Duff Gordon – 'Lucile,'" ''Harper's Bazar'', Aug. 1914, 38-41〕 The use of live models as mannequins became increasingly popular throughout the 1910s, leading to those that followed the trend such as Georges Doeuillet of Paris becoming noted for it.〔(Evening dress by Doeuillet ), Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed 21 March 2012〕
By the 1920s, it was standard practice for fashion houses to employ in-house mannequins. Such a profession was considered normal enough to be the job of the heroine of the 1927 Alfred Hitchcock film ''The Lodger''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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